Orting of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cell Populations. S…

Orting of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cell Populations. Stem Cells 2007, 25(9):2257-2268. 38. Hu B-Y, Weick JP, Yu J, Ma L-X, Zhang X-Q, Thomson JA, Zhang S-C: Neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells follows developmental principles but with variable potency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107(9):4335-4340. 39. Boulting GL, Kiskinis E, Croft GF, Amoroso MW, Oakley DH, Wainger BJ, Williams DJ, Kahler DJ, Yamaki M, Davidow L, Rodolfa CT, Dimos JT, Mikkilineni S, Macdermott AB, Woolf CJ, Henderson CE, Wichterle H, Eggan K: A functionally characterized test set of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature Biotechnology 2011, 29(3):279-286. 40. Kim D-S, Lee JS, Leem JW, Huh YJ, Kim JY, Kim H-S, Park I-H, Daley GQ, Hwang D-Y, Kim D-W: Robust enhancement of neural differentiation from human ES and iPS cells regardless of their innate difference in differentiation propensity. Stem Cell Rev 2010, 6(2):270-281. 41. Kondo T, Johnson SA, Yoder MC, Romand R, Hashino E: Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid synergistically promote sensory fate specification from bone marrow-derived pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102(13):4789-4794.doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-82 Cite this article as: Koehler et al.: Extended passaging increases the efficiency of neural differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells. BMC Neuroscience 2011 12:82.Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of:?Convenient online submission ?Thorough peer review ?No space constraints or color figure charges ?Immediate publication on acceptance ?Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar ?Research which is freely available for redistributionSubmit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit
de Greeff et al. BMC Microbiology 2011, 11:161 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/11/RESEARCH ARTICLEOpen AccessGenetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates as determined by comparative genome hybridizationAstrid Capecitabine de Greeff1*, Henk J Wisselink1, Freddy M de Bree1, Constance Schultsz2,3, Christoph G Baums4, Hoa Ngo Thi3, Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden1 and Hilde E SmithAbstractBackground: Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes infections in young piglets. S. suis is a heterogeneous species. Thirty-three different capsular serotypes have been described, that differ in virulence between as well as within serotypes. Results: In this study, the correlation between gene content, serotype, phenotype and virulence among 55 S. suis strains was studied using Comparative Genome Hybridization (CGH). Clustering of CGH data divided S. suis isolates into two PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989806 clusters, A and B. Cluster A isolates could be discriminated from cluster B isolates based on the protein expression of extracellular factor (EF). Cluster A contained serotype 1 and 2 isolates that were correlated with virulence. Cluster B mainly contained serotype 7 and 9 isolates. Genetic similarity was observed between serotype 7 and serotype 2 isolates that do not express muramidase released protein (MRP) and EF (MRP-EF-), suggesting these isolates originated from a common founder. Profiles of 25 putative virulence-associated genes of S. suis were determined among the 55 isolates. Presence of all 25 genes was shown for cluster A isolates, whereas cluster B isolates lacked one or more putative virulence genes. Divergence of S. suis isolates was further studied based on the presence of 39 regions of difference. Conservation of genes was evaluated by the.