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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy is also known as an application called a proxy, acts as an intermediary between the server and client on the internet. With no proxy in place, a user could submit a request for the service directly from a server and the server would then serve the resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies can bring benefits like improved performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.

In general, the mixture of the server's hardware and proxy software is usually called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies that are traditionally classified as software specifically in relation to web servers. This article will present the full description of two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, and is frequently misunderstood because of the identical terminology.

This article will provide information about what proxy services and their subtypes are, and how they function in various configurations. After reading this article, you will be able identify situations in which using proxies can be beneficial, and choose the right solution between reverse and forward proxy in any given scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as the open proxy serves as a representative for a user who wishes to send an internet request to the server that made it. In this case, the entire process of sending requests made by the user will instead be made through the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting instead of the client, will look at the request. Then, it determines if this client is authorized to send requests using this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to reject any request, or forward it to the server that originated it. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy permits it to access.

One of the most popular uses for forward proxies is increased privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy can access the internet on behalf of a client and by doing this it can use an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.

Depending on how it's been configured and how it's set up forward proxy can provide you with different features based the way it's configured it, allowing you to:

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  Don't fall victim of ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Be aware of restrictions based on the place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized to secure systems that are centralized and also for access based on permissions in workplaces. When all internet traffic passes via an open forward proxy an administrator is able to grant only a few clients connection to internet filtered through the common firewall. Instead of setting up security firewalls at the layer of clients, that could include a variety of devices that operate in various environments and users A firewall can be positioned at the intermediate layer of forward proxy.

It is important to remember that forward proxies need to be manually set up for use and reverse proxies may not be detected by the user. Depending on the type of the IP address of the user, they are transferred to the origin server via forward proxy Privacy and anonymity can be granted or not.

There are many options to consider for forward proxy services.

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  Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx is another widely-used open-source webserver that comes with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid is a free forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't include the full web server. You can read our article on the best way to set up Squid proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is an forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suitable for use instances like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as a representative of a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. Web servers can comprise a server, or multiple servers. It could also be an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will be made via the web at large. Most of the time your request is transmitted directly to the webserver with the resources that the user is looking for. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct communications with the open internet.

From the perspective of a user, the experience of using reverse proxy is not different from communicating with an internet server directly. It's basically the same, but the client can't see the distinction. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it without extra configuration required on the part of the client.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  Security centralized to web server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in based on rules you set.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

While centralized security can be an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the layer that is the webserver and not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on webserver level that could include multiple servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and responding to requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate solely on serving the requirements of their clients.

In the case of multiple servers using a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy can also handle the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers may be running from the same host, each providing different types of resources or a combination of both. They can utilize the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server, however they may also be able to be equipped with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific server based on the service you request, or to certain rules regarding the traffic load.

Reverse proxies also gain by being placed on top of web servers by providing caching capabilities. Massive static files can be created by using caching rules in order to avoid the need to call web servers for each request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static files without having to communicate with the webserver for even one time. Furthermore the reverse proxy is capable of handling the compression of these assets.

The renowned Nginx web server functions as a well-known reverse proxy solution. Even though Apache is a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server does have reverse proxy features however, it's an additional feature that is available to Apache as opposed to Nginx was designed initially to and focuses specifically on reverse proxy features.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use

Because "forward" and "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle both requests and replies. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to consider the needs of the application that you are developing.

A reverse proxy is useful when you are developing a solution that can offer web-based applications on the internet. They serve as your web servers during any interaction on the internet.

Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are they are displayed before users for personal use, or even in an office setting. They serve as a representation of your client's activity every time you connect to the internet.

The practice of separating by use case rather than using only standard naming conventions can help make sure that you don't get confused.

Conclusion

This article explains the meaning of a proxy, focusing on the two major types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of how to use them as well as a review of the useful features were utilized to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're looking to know more about the possibilities of proxies, you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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