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A proxy, also known as a proxy, also known as a proxy server often referred to as a proxy server is software that acts as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client will send a request directly to the server and it would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement with proxy servers, it could offer benefits in terms of improved performance and privacy, security and much more. In addition to providing a layer of protection proxy, it acts as a guardian for the internet, separating servers and clients.

In general, the combination of server hardware with installed proxy software is often called a proxy server. In this post, we'll focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software, and when it comes to web servers. We will provide a description of the two main types of proxy servers: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is frequently confused due to a similar the name convention.

This article will give you an idea of the what proxy services and their subtypes are, as well as their value in common setups. Through this article, you'll be able to understand how to recognize the situations in which an effective proxy could be useful and pick the right option between forward and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy also called an open proxy, also known as an open acts as an intermediary between clients who are trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this instance, any request sent by the user will be directed direct via the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in the client's place, will examine the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed be able to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. It will then deny any request, or send it to the original server. The client has no direct access to the internet. It has access to only the information that the forward proxy allows its access.

One of the most common reasons for forward proxy is to gain greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as a client and in this process, it uses an alternate IP address in addition to the client's original IP address.

Based on how it has been configured depending on the configuration forward proxy can provide different features depending on the way it's configured, which allows users to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify restrictions based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like at the workplace. All internet traffic can pass through a forward proxy that is open. administrators are able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet that is protected by an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer that can include multiple devices that have different configurations and users it is possible to install a firewall at the forward proxy layer.

Take note to note that settings for forward proxy need to be manually configured for use, but reverse proxies are likely to be disregarded from the clients. Depending on whether an IP address belonging to a user is transmitted to the server from which it came from by the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or hidden.

There are a variety of alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server, which provides forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: An open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Take a look at our guide on how you can install Squid proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is an forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suitable for peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to know how to create a Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as the web server that handles the incoming requests of customers on behalf of. The web server may be a single, or a number of servers. It may also be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, the request for an application is received from a user via the internet. In most cases requests are sent directly to a web server along with the information that the client wants. In contrast, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, and separates your website server from communication with the internet's open.

From the viewpoint of the client an individual's perspective, the process of using reverse proxy isn't different from using a Web server to communicate in direct communication. It's the same process and the client is unable to discern the difference. Client requests an item, and it is then followed by the receipt without the need for any additional configurations required for the end-user.

Reverse proxy providers offer features such as:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in is based upon rules that you can decide to define.
  
  
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  New functionality added for caching.
  
  

Although centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy adds this feature to just the layer of web servers but not to the client layer. instead of being focused on the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers, which may contain many servers and different configurations, most of the firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with clients who are far from web servers allows them to concentrate on delivering the needs of their customers.

In the case of multiple servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests are routed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers that provide identical content, but providing different services or a mixture of both. These servers may be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but they can also incorporate other protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to direct users to a specific server based on the requested resource or to adhere to specific guidelines on the volume of traffic.

Reverse proxies also take advantage of their placement on top of web servers by giving them the capability to store data. Massive static resources can be set up with caching policy to avoid hitting web servers on every request. Certain solutions allow you to serve static content directly without connecting to servers on the internet in any manner. Additionally the reverse proxy is able to help compress these assets.

The popular Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy option. While there is an equivalent feature available that is available in Apache web server does have reverse proxy functions as an added feature available to Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed for and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing as both kinds of proxies process requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to research the specifications of the application you're creating.

A reverse proxy can be helpful when building a solution to serve applications that are online. They act as your web servers whenever you connect to the internet.

Forward proxy is useful when placed before customers for your personal use or in a corporate setting. They represent the traffic of your clients through any interaction via the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified the meaning of a proxy is and the two primary types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the attributes that are beneficial were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the implementation of proxy servers, you can check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy and web server proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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