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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy, also called a proxy server is program that acts as an intermediary between client and server via the internet. Without a proxy, a client would send a request for resources directly to a server, and it would then serve the resource directly back towards the customer. While this is a simple method to comprehend and implement, however, adding proxy servers can bring advantages such as increased speed, privacy, security, and a host of other benefits. As an additional layer of passing through, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




The combination of server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is often called a proxy server. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically classified as software, and in the context of web servers. We will discuss of two types of proxies, one being forward proxy and the other being a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose, and is frequently confused because of the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of different subtypes and proxies and their benefits for setups that are common. If you've read in this post, you'll to recognize situations where the use of proxies is advantageous, and then choose the best choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known in the context of the open proxy acts as the representative of a client who wishes to forward a request via the internet to an the server that originated it. In this situation, all attempts to send requests made by the client will instead be sent directly to the forward proxy. The forward proxy, instead of the client, will examine the request. The first step is to verify if the client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request, or redirect it to its origin server. The client does not have an internet connection directly; it can only reach what forward proxy permits it to access.




The most common reason to use forward proxies is increased privacy or anonymity when surfing the web. A forward proxy accesses the internet through clients and in this way it can make use of an IP address that is distinct from the original IP of the client.




Depending on the way it's set up, the forward proxy can grant a number of features in addition to the ability to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and access based on permissions, such as at work. If all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy and administrators are in a position to grant only specific clients access to the internet via a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls to protect the client layer which may include multiple computers that have different settings and users and environments, a firewall can be installed in an forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note the forward proxy configurations need to be manually setup to allow the use of these proxy servers in order to use them in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy servers are unable to be detected by users. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is sent to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, the privacy and security can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to think about when it comes to forward proxy alternatives:




Apache An open source well-known web server that has forward proxy functions.


Nginx A renowned open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is a free forward proxy that runs on the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server system. You can refer to our guide on the best way to configure Squid proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suited to cases like peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to configure Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary between web servers and takes care of requests from clients for the web server. The web server can serve as a single server or multiple servers. In addition, it could function as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In all cases, an application request is made through the internet at large. Typically, the request will be sent directly to the web server that hosts what the client is trying to find. A reverse proxy acts as a middleman to protect your website server from communication to the open internet.




From the perspective of a user's view, interacting with reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with Web server in direct contact. It's basically similar, however the client can't discern the distinction. Client requests an item and receives it, without any extra configuration required for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Directing traffic according to rules you set.


Added functionality for caching.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this only for just the Web server layer and not the client layer. instead of maintaining security firewalls in Web server layers which may include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk in firewall protection is aimed towards the reverse proxy layer. In addition, taking the burden of interfacing with firewalls and interfacing with clients' requests off of web servers enables them to focus on serving resources.




If there are multiple servers with a reverse-proxy in place, the reverse proxy is also accountable for deciding which requests are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers that are running within the server each serving different kinds of resources or a mix of both. These servers may use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They can also include application server protocols like FastCGI. It is also possible to configure reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers in accordance with the service being requested or to adhere to certain traffic load rules.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position on top of web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers with every request, with some options even allowing you to provide static files in a direct manner without linking directly to the website server. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. However, the Apache web server also comes with the reverse proxy option as an additional function that is available to Apache while Nginx was designed initially for and specifically focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality as well as false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels can be confusing, because both types of proxies can be used to handle requests as well as responses. Another method of separating between reverse and forward proxy servers is to look at the needs of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you are developing a solution to serve applications that are on the web. They act as your servers in any interaction with the Internet.




A forward proxy is useful to have facing clients to use for personal purposes or even in a business environment. They represent your client traffic whenever you connect to the internet.




A distinction based on use cases instead of using the standard names can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained what a proxy is along with two types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of use and a discussion of most beneficial features was used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning how to set up proxies, we suggest you go through our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache running an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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