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The word "proxy" refers to the concept of a proxy as well as a proxy server a server software which serves in the role of an intermediary client and server over the internet. Without the need for a proxy, a user could send a request for resources straight to servers while the server will provide the requested resource directly for the client. Although this method is easy to understand and use, the addition of proxies can bring benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and many more. In addition to providing a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled system of server hardware with installed proxy software is sometimes referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies which are generally thought of as software, and specifically with regard with web server. The article will offer an explanation of the two main types, namely one being a forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is often confused due to the overlapping terminology.




This article will give you the knowledge of the types of proxy and what their subtypes are and the way they work in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll learn to determine the circumstances in which it is beneficial to use a proxy and decide on the right choice between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, sometimes referred to an open proxy is a means of intermediary for clients trying to send a request over the internet to a source server. In this scenario, the entire attempt to send requests by the user will instead be transmitted through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place that of the user, would look at the request. In the beginning, it will determine if the client can accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client isn't able to have directly access to internet. It is only able to access what forward proxy allows the client to connect.




The most common reason for using forward proxy is to achieve more privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet as a client and, in doing so, it may use an alternative IP address in addition to the client's original IP address.




Based on the way it has been configured in accordance with the method of configuration forward proxy may provide a variety of functions and allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your geolocation.




Forward proxies also are used in systems of centralized security and access based on permissions, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator can grant access only to specific individuals to access the web. This is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of establishing security firewalls at the user layer which can be used by a variety of computer systems with different configurations and users and environments, a firewall could be installed at the proxy layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxies need to be configured manually and reverse proxies may not be noticed by the user. Based on the type of IP address of a client is sent to the server where it was received via the forward proxy, anonymity and privacy could be granted or not.




There are many options to think about for forward proxy:




Apache A popular open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for web hosting with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire Web Server System. We have a step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which is more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to learn how to setup an Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server, handling the incoming requests of customers on behalf of the server. This web server can serve as a single server or a number of servers. Additionally, it can serve for application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any case it is possible to send a request through the internet in general. Most often, the request will go directly to the server and include the information the user is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary securing the web server from direct communication via the web's public.




From a consumer's point of view the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't any different than using the server on its own. It's exactly the same but the client can't tell the distinction. Clients can request the resource and receive it, without any additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features such as:




Security centralized for web servers.


The direction of traffic coming in is by rules you have set.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers this feature at the layer of web servers but not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on Web server layers that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security could be concentrated at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the burden of interacting with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers lets them concentrate on the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy takes care of directing the requests to which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same service, all offering different kinds of resources, or a combination of both. They could use the HTTP protocol, which is a standard web server. However, they could also include application server protocols like FastCGI. You can configure a reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific server depending on the service requested or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also be able to benefit from their position before web servers, by providing the ability to cache information. Massive static resources can be managed using caching rules, so that they prevent websites from getting hit every time a request is made. Certain solutions allow you to upload static files directly, without connecting to the web server in any way. Furthermore, the reverse proxy could be able to handle compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server is also an efficient reverse proxy option. Although it, Apache web server with reverse proxy features but it's an additional option to Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and specifically designed for reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use The Case



Because "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing as both types of proxies can handle requests and responses. Another method of separating between reverse and forward proxy is to study the specifications of the application that you are creating.




A reverse proxy is beneficial when designing an application to run web-based applications via the internet. They act as your web server for all interactions over the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is placed in front of customers for personal use, or in a corporate environment. They are a representation of the customer's data every time you use the internet.




Distinguishing by use case instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can assist you in making sure that there is no confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the purpose of a proxy having two types: the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Examples of practical use and an analysis of useful features were used to define the two types of proxies: forward and reverse. If you're keen to know more about the advantages of proxies, we recommend that you go through our guide on how you can configure Nginx to function as an Internet server as well as reverse proxy in Apache running on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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