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proxy, also known as proxy, also referred to as proxy or proxy server is a server software that sits as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without an intermediary, a user could send a request for something straight to the server and servers would deliver the item directly to the client. While this is a simple method to comprehend and use, adding proxies offers advantages such as increased security, performance, privacy and many more. As a pass-through layer proxy acts as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking it is the bundled set of server hardware with installed proxy software is often referred too as a proxy server. But, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually referred to as software, as well as those that are used to complement web servers. We will present a summary of the two main types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own use case, and is often misunderstood because of the similar terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are as well in how they work for the most common configurations. In this article, you will be able to identify the scenarios where you could benefit from a proxy, and determine the most appropriate choice between reverse and forward proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy often called an open proxy is an agent of a user who wishes to make a request via the internet to the server that made the request. In this situation, it's the scenario that all requests sent by the client should be routed straight to the forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client, will examine the request. It will decide whether this client is able to handle requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the server that originated it. The client doesn't have a direct access to the internet; it can only access the information that the forward proxy gives the client access.




The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or security online. A forward proxy can be used to browse the internet instead of clients. In the process, it will use an IP address that is different from the IP address originally that the client uses.




Based on how it was configured according to the way it was set up forward proxy can provide you with a variety of features in addition to the capability to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your geographic area.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like in a workplace. In the event that all traffic on the internet is routed via an open forward proxy an administrator can allow access only to a few individuals to access the web. This is then filtered by a typical firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer which may comprise several machines that have different user and environment A firewall can be installed on top of an front proxy layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxy servers have to be set up manually before they are able to be used to use them in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxy servers are not able to be detected by the user. Depending on whether an IP address for a user is transmitted to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to take into consideration for forward proxies:




Apache An open source, well-known web server that provides forward proxy capability.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for web hosting with forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not a complete Web server. Read our guide on how to set up Squid proxy for private connection in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP to allow it to be more suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You might also want to know how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on behalf of. The web server can be a single or multiple servers. It could also represent an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request is made by a user who is on the internet at large. The majority of the time the request will be sent directly to the web server hosting the information the user is looking for. In contrast reverse proxy acts as an intermediary in order to shield Web servers from direct interaction with the internet's open.




From a perspective of the user that is a person's perspective, working with reverse proxy is not anything different than working with a Web server directly. It works identical to the web server, and the client is unable discern the difference. The client can make a request for the resource and it is then provided with the resource without any additional configuration required by the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide certain features, such as:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Directing incoming traffic based on rules you set.


Added functionality for caching.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxies apply this feature to the web server layer not to the client layer. In lieu of maintaining firewalls in the web server layer that can include multiple servers with different configurations the majority of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the obligation to interface with firewalls and responding to requests from clients from web servers enables them to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can be also responsible for the direction of which requests are routed through which server. There may be several web servers that are serving the same resource, but each offering different types of services or a mixture of the two. These servers can be using an HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, but they also incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy redirecting visitors to a particular server based on the type of resource they're looking for, or follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their position before web servers, by providing the capability of caching. Large static assets can be able to be configured using caching rules to prevent getting into web servers with every request. There are solutions that provide the option of providing static files in a direct manner without connecting with the server on any manner. Additionally, the reverse proxy will manage the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx webserver is a popular reverse proxy option. While Apache has a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server also comes equipped with reverse proxy feature, which is an additional option in Apache but Nginx was initially designed and geared towards the reverse proxy function.



The difference between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with directionality as well as false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, they could be confusing since both kinds of proxies are able to respond to requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method of separating those proxies that are forward or reverse is to look at the needs of the application that you are building.




Reverse proxy is useful when designing an approach to connect web-based applications on the internet. They function as servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are placed before the client for your personal use or in a work setting. They are your client's proxy whenever you interact on the internet.




Distinguishing by use case instead of focusing on the same naming conventions will ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is with two kinds, specifically the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're looking to learn more about the implementation of proxies, you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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