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It is proxy is proxy is also referred to proxy server software that sits as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users could send a request for the resource directly to a server and it would then serve the requested resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to understand and implement but the addition of proxies can provide advantages in the form of better performance as well as privacy, security and more. In addition to passing between, it serves as a gatekeeper to the internet between users and servers.




The general consensus is that the combination of server hardware and installed proxy software is frequently called proxy servers. In this article, we'll concentrate on proxies that are typically described in terms of software as well as those that are employed in conjunction to web server. This article will provide a detailed breakdown of two types of proxy: that is one that is a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own use case, often confused because of the same name convention.




This article will provide an understanding of the different types of proxy and subtypes they have, and what ways in which they can be beneficial in common configurations. By reading this article you'll learn to identify the circumstances where a proxy can be beneficial, and decide on the appropriate choice for reverse or forward proxy for a particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known by the name of the open proxy is a representative of a client who attempts to transmit an internet request to an source server. In this scenario, it's the case that all requests from the client are directed to this forward proxy. In this case the forward proxy acting instead of the client, will scrutinize the request. It will first will decide whether the client is allowed to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then decide whether to refuse the request or transfer it over to the original server. It's not able to direct connection via the Internet. It is only able to access the information the forward proxy allows the forward proxy to connect.




A common reason for using forward proxies is for more privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as a personal client, and during this process, it can make use of a different IP address comparison to the original IP address that is used by the client.




Depending on how they were set up in the past forward proxy servers could give you a variety of options, allowing you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine restrictions based on place of residence.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that offer central security and permit-based access, like in the workplace. If all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to permit only a few clients access to the internet which is then filtered by a firewall that is common to all. Instead of ensuring firewalls are in place for the client layer that may include multiple machines that are different in terms of user and environment the firewall could be installed at the layer that is responsible for forwarding proxy data.




Be aware that forward proxies need to be manually setup to use, whereas reverse proxies can be not recognized by clients. Based on the fact that the IP address of the client is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could get granted, or even made more transparent.




There are many possibilities to consider for forward proxies:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx A renowned open-source web server with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide an entire web server. Check out our guide on the best way to setup Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP, making it more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. It's also a good idea to learn how to set up a Dante proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a representation of a web server that handles incoming requests by customers on its behalf. Web servers can represent a single or multiple servers. Furthermore, it could serve as an app server, such as Gunicorn. For any one of these cases, a request could come in from a client through the internet in general. The majority of the time the request will be delivered directly to the server with the resources that the user is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary to isolate your web server from interaction with the internet.




From a user's point of view from the perspective of a customer, using a reverse proxy isn't any different from communicating with you web server directly. It's the same thing, and the client cannot tell the difference. Client requests resources, and then receives it, with no additional configurations required for the user.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide some features, including:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


The sending of traffic in accordance with rules you set up.


Additional features for caching.




Although central security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxy provides this benefit to only the server layer, not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the web server layer which can contain several servers that have different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is centered at the layer of reverse proxy. Furthermore, removing the obligation of interfacing with firewalls and connecting with requests from clients far from web servers allows firewalls to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers that are behind a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is also in charge of how requests are routed on which server. Multiple web servers could be running on the same server, providing different types of resources, or a combination of the two. These servers can use the HTTP protocol as a conventional web server. They may also include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create a reverse proxy to direct customers to specific servers according to the kind of resource they're looking for, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit by their position ahead of web servers through the capacity of caching. Large static assets are able to be configured with caching policies to avoid hitting web servers on each request, with some solutions offering the possibility to directly serve static assets without connecting to the internet server even once. In addition reverse proxy can handle the compression of these assets.




The famous Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy service. You can also use the Apache web server, it is equipped with a reverse proxy features however it's an additional feature available only for Apache however Nginx was initially developed for and was designed to perform reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward and reverse proxy Utilizing Differentiation of Forward Proxy and Reverse Use



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and false connections to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These terms can be confusing since both kinds of proxies are able to respond to requests as well as responses. An alternative method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the specifications of the application that you are creating.




A reverse proxy can be beneficial in the development of a solution to provide web-based services over the internet. They act as your servers during any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy are helpful when you are in front of the client for personal use, or in the workplace. They can be used to represent the traffic of your clients when you interact with the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use case rather than focusing only at similar names can help you avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarifies the meaning of a proxy, which includes two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical application scenarios and an exploration of useful features were used to distinguish between forward proxy and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the possibilities of proxies then take a look at our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy on Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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