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Nor did this mean only the native welfare of the papacy, the good order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in any one narrative, there is no such thing as a good purpose for doubting their common accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, and many others., gold price today Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the well-known letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (by which the former recognizes absolutely the papal origin of his personal imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, the pope approached him, positioned upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the historical manner, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, whereas the Romans present burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the sooner goodwill and help of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, legit heir of the imperial title (he nonetheless known as himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was officially New Rome) had long proved incapable of preserving his authority in the Italian peninsula.

However, the event of Christmas Day, 800, was lengthy resented at Constantinople, the place ultimately the successor of Charles was occasionally known as "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", however by no means "Roman Emperor". Then again, there appears no cause to doubt that for a while earlier the elevation of Charles had been mentioned, both at home and at Rome, particularly in view of two info: the scandalous situation of the imperial government at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian home. It may be noted here that the chroniclers of the ninth century treat as "restitution" to St. Peter the various cessions and grants of cities and territory made at this interval by the Carolingian rulers inside the boundaries of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it so as to add right here that whereas the imperial consecration made him in theory, سعر الذهب في كندا what he was already the truth is, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, because it were, in the Carolingian line the majesty of ancient Rome, it also lifted Charles at once to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and specifically of its head, the Roman Church.

Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); additionally that after the ceremony he made very wealthy gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the same day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the younger Charles, son of the emperor and at the moment most likely destined to succeed within the imperial dignity. Leo was despatched back to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, totally frightened and unable to convince Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi sent Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders towards Pope Leo, to the king, to be handled on the royal pleasure. Charles, it is true, after his imperial consecration exercised practically at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he considerably omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made at the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It's to be noted that on this public division of his property he made no provision for the imperial title, also that he committed to all three sons "the defence and safety of the Roman Church".

In any case, since the Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; hence, other than its impact on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This choice produced a domino impact. In reality this Roman patriciate, both under Pepin and Charles, was no more than a high protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose native independence, both earlier than and after the coronation of Charles, is historically certain, even other than the aforesaid imperial charters. It's sure that Charles always attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made identified after all by way of the company of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles acquired the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long earlier than this event Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the safety of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all in the temporal authority which it had step by step acquired (notably in the previous Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by just titles in the course of the 2 previous centuries.

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